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Characteristics of Transudates and Exudates in Cattle, Horses, Dogs, and Cats

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Parameter	Species	Transudate	Exudate
Total protein (g/dL)	All	< 2.5	> 3
Specific gravity	All	< 1.020	> 1.025
WBC count (10⁹/L)	Cattle	0.5–5.0	> 8
	Horses	0.5–5.0	> 8
	Dogs, cats	< 3	> 5
Color	All	Colorless to yellow	Variable
Turbidity	All	Clear to moderate	Moderate to opaque
Bacteria	All	Absent	May be present