Common Diagnostic Tests in Veterinary Patients with Hypercalcemia

Diagnostic Test

Potential Abnormalities with Hypercalcemia 

Physical examination

Peripheral lymph node and anal sac assessment

Chemistry

Calcium, phosphorus, renal values, electrolytes

Urinalysis

USG, calcium oxalate crystals, bacteria

Urine culture

Infection

PTH, PTHrP, ionized calcium

May be normal, decreased or increased

Abdominal radiograph

Bladder or kidney stones

Thoracic radiographs

Metastasis, cranial mediastinum, thoracic lymph nodes

Cervical ultrasonography

Enlarged parathyroid gland

PTH, parathyroid hormone; PTHrP, parathyroid hormone-related protein; USG, urine specific gravity