Serum Biochemical Analysis Reference Ranges
Measure | Units | Dog | Cat | Cow | Horse | Pig | Sheep | Goat | Rabbit | Llama | Vietnamese Potbellied Pig | Ostrich |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In Conventional (US) Units | ||||||||||||
ALTa | U/L | 10–109 | 25–97 | 31–58 | 26–34 | 6–19 | 45–80 | 6–14 | 10.9–95.1 | |||
Amylase | U/L | 226–1,063 | 550–1,458 | 200–400 | ||||||||
Alk phosa | U/L | 1–114 | 0–45 | 118–395 | 68–387 | 93–387 | 12–96 | 41–92 | 27–160 | |||
ASTa | U/L | 13–15 | 7–38 | 60–125 | 160–412 | 32–84 | 60–280 | 167–513 | 35–130 | 216–378 | 16–64 | 252–401 |
CKa | U/L | 52–368 | 69–214 | 0–350 | 60–330 | 2.4–22.5 | 8.1–12.9 | 0.8–8.9 | 140–372 | 17–101 | 212.5–2,851.5 | 1,655–4,246 |
GGTa | U/L | 6–17.4 | 6–32 | 10–60 | 20–52 | 20–56 | 0–7 | 7–29 | 14.5–56.2 | 0–1 | ||
LDHa | U/L | 0–236 | 58–120 | 112–456 | 380–634 | 238–440 | 123–392 | 88–487 | 869–2,047 | |||
SDHa | U/L | 4.3–15.3 | 1–8 | 1.0–5.8 | 5.8–27.9 | 14.0–23.6 | 1–17 | |||||
Bicarbonate | mEq/L | 17–24 | 17–24 | 20–30 | 24–30 | 18–27 | 20–25 | |||||
Bilirubin | mg/dL | 0–0.3 | 0–0.1 | 0–1.6 | 0–3.2 | 0–1.0 | 0.1–0.5 | 0–0.1 | 0–0.7 | 0–1.01 | 0.2–0.45 | |
Calcium | mg/dL | 9.1–11.7 | 8.7–11.7 | 8.0–11.4 | 10.2–13.4 | 7.1–11.6 | 11.5–12.8 | 8.9–11.7 | 11–14 | 8.0–10.3 | 10.0–18.4 | |
Chloride | mEq/L | 110–124 | 115–130 | 99–107 | 98–109 | 94–106 | 95–103 | 99–110.3 | 102–109 | 106–113 | 94–105 | |
Cholesterol | mg/dL | 135–278 | 71–156 | 36–54 | 52–76 | 80–130 | 10–80 | 35–113 | ||||
Creatinine | mg/dL | 0.5–1.7 | 0.9–2.2 | 0.5–2.2 | 0.4–2.2 | 1.0–2.7 | 1.2–1.9 | 1.0–1.8 | 0.5–2.5 | 1.1–2.5 | 1.0–2.3 | |
Glucose | mg/dL | 76–119 | 60–120 | 40–100 | 62–134 | 85–150 | 50–80 | 50–75 | 75–155 | 103–160 | 59.8–175.2 | 187–247 |
Magnesium | mg/dL | 1.6–2.4 | 1.7–2.6 | 1.5–2.9 | 1.4–2.3 | 2.7–3.7 | 2.2–2.8 | 2.8–3.6 | 1.82–3.77 | |||
Phosphorus | mg/dL | 2.9–5.3 | 3.0–6.1 | 5.6–8.0 | 1.5–4.7 | 5.3–9.6 | 5.0–7.3 | 4.2–9.1 | 4.0–6.5 | 3.1–10.8 | 4.0–6.8 | |
Potassium | mEq/L | 3.9–5.1 | 3.7–6.1 | 3.6–4.9 | 2.9–4.6 | 4.4–6.7 | 3.9–5.4 | 3.5–6.7 | 3.5–6.9 | 4.6–7.1 | 3.7–5.0 | 4.5–5.9 |
Total protein | g/dL | 5.4–7.5 | 6.0–7.9 | 6.7–7.5 | 5.6–7.6 | 7.9–8.9 | 6.0–7.9 | 6.4–7.0 | 5.4–7.5 | 5.8–7.5 | 6.6–8.9 | 4–5.4 |
Albumin | g/dL | 2.3–3.1 | 2.8–3.9 | 2.5–3.8 | 2.6–4.1 | 1.9–3.9 | 2.4–3.0 | 2.7–3.9 | 2.7–5.0 | 3.6–4.8 | 3.6–5.0 | |
Globulin | g/dL | 2.7–4.4 | 2.6–5.1 | 3.0–3.5 | 2.6–4.0 | 5.3–6.4 | 3.5–5.7 | 2.7–4.1 | 1.5–2.7 | 1.6–2.9 | ||
Sodium | mEq/L | 142–152 | 146–156 | 136–144 | 128–142 | 135–150 | 139–152 | 142–155 | 138–150 | 148–155 | 139–148.8 | 147–157 |
Urea nitrogen | mg/dL | 8–28 | 19–34 | 10–25 | 11–27 | 10–30 | 8–20 | 10–20 | 20–45 | 12–34 | 4.2–15.1 | 1.4–2.2 |
In SI Units | ||||||||||||
Bicarbonate | mmol/L | 17–24 | 17–24 | 20–30 | 24–30 | 18–27 | 20–25 | |||||
Bilirubin | mcmol/L | 0–5.1 | 0–1.7 | 0–27.4 | 0–54.7 | 0–17.1 | 1.71–8.55 | 0–1.71 | 0–12 | 0–17.1 | 3.4–7.7 | |
Calcium | mmol/L | 2.3–2.9 | 2.2–2.9 | 2.0–2.8 | 2.5–3.3 | 1.78–2.9 | 2.88–3.2 | 2.23–2.93 | 2.7–3.5 | 2.2–2.58 | 2.5–4.6 | |
Chloride | mmol/L | 110–124 | 115–130 | 99–107 | 98–109 | 94–106 | 95–103 | 99–110.3 | 102–109 | 106–113 | 94–105 | |
Cholesterol | mmol/L | 3.5–7.2 | 1.8–4.0 | 0.93–1.40 | 1.35–1.97 | 2.07–3.37 | 0.3–2.1 | 0.91–2.93 | ||||
Creatinine | mcmol/L | 44–150 | 80–194 | 44–194 | 35–194 | 141–239 | 106–168 | 88.4–159 | 44.2–221 | 97.2–221 | 88.4–203.3 | |
Glucose | mmol/L | 4.2–6.6 | 3.3–6.7 | 2.2–5.6 | 3.4–7.4 | 4.72–8.33 | 2.78–4.44 | 2.78–4.16 | 4.1–8.6 | 5.72–8.89 | 3.3–9.9 | 10.4–13.7 |
Magnesium | mmol/L | 0.7–1.0 | 0.7–1.1 | 0.6–1.2 | 0.6–0.9 | 1.11–1.52 | 0.9–1.31 | 0.31–1.48 | 0.75–1.55 | |||
Phosphorus | mmol/L | 0.9–1.7 | 1.0–2.0 | 1.8–2.6 | 0.5–1.5 | 1.71–3.10 | 1.62–2.36 | 1.4–2.9 | 1.3–2.1 | 1.0–3.49 | 1.3–2.2 | |
Potassium | mmol/L | 3.9–5.1 | 3.7–6.1 | 3.6–4.9 | 2.9–4.6 | 4.4–6.7 | 3.9–5.4 | 3.5–6.7 | 3.5–6.9 | 4.6–7.1 | 3.7–5.0 | 4.5–5.9 |
Protein | g/L | 54–75 | 60–79 | 67–75 | 56–76 | 79–89 | 60–79 | 64–70 | 54–75 | 58–75 | 66–89 | 40–54 |
Albumin | g/L | 23–31 | 28–39 | 25–38 | 26–41 | 19–39 | 24–30 | 27–39 | 27–50 | 36–48 | 36–50 | |
Globulin | g/L | 27–44 | 26–51 | 30–35 | 26–40 | 53–64 | 35–57 | 27–41 | 15–27 | 16–29 | ||
Sodium | mmol/L | 142–152 | 146–156 | 136–144 | 128–142 | 135–150 | 139–152 | 142–155 | 138–150 | 148–155 | 139–148.8 | 147–157 |
Urea nitrogen | mmol/L | 2.9–10.0 | 6.8–12.1 | 3.6–8.9 | 3.9–9.6 | 3.6–10.7 | 2.8–7.1 | 3.6–7.1 | 7.1–16.1 | 4.3–12.1 | 1.5–5.4 | 0.5–0.8 |
Data on various species compiled and adapted in part from multiple sources, including Latimer KS, Duncan & Prasse’s Veterinary Laboratory Medicine: Clinical Pathology, 5th ed., Wiley-Blackwell, 2011; and Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML, Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, 6th ed., Academic Press, 2008. Reference ranges vary between laboratories. Values provided by the reference laboratory should always be used. | ||||||||||||
a ALT = alanine aminotransferase; Alk phos = alkaline phosphatase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; CK = creatine kinase; GGT = gamma glutamyltransferase; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; SDH = sorbitol dehydrogenase | ||||||||||||