Pharyngeal Lymphoid Hyperplasia in Horses

Pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH) is a common condition of the dorsal pharyngeal wall seen in young horses (1–3 years old). Horses do not have discrete masses of lymphoid tonsillar tissue; rather, they have many small foci or follicles of lymphoid tissue spread diffusely over the roof and lateral walls of the pharynx. In mature horses, these follicles blend with mucosal tissue and are unnoticeable. In young, maturing horses, lymphoid follicles appear as prominent, raised nodules on the surface of the pharyngeal roof and extend down the lateral walls of the pharynx and cranially into the nasopharynx. Although PLH was once believed to be an important cause of poor performance in racehorses, its clinical importance is now questionable. Virtually all young horses develop hyperplasia of pharyngeal lymphoid follicles; in most cases, this represents a normal immunologic event.

Occasionally, follicles may enlarge and coalesce with surrounding follicles. In these situations, follicles may appear hyperemic or inflamed and may exude mucoid or mucopurulent material. These cases likely represent a mild or subclinical viral infection and may be associated with impaired performance. Signs of pharyngeal pain include reduced appetite and frequent swallowing. A grading system (Grade 1–4) has been developed to characterize severity of this condition. Treatment is not necessary in the vast majority of cases; however, rest and NSAID administration are warranted in horses demonstrating pharyngeal pain.