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MERCK MANUAL
Veterinary Manual
VETERINARY PROFESSIONALS
PET OWNERS
RESOURCES
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ABOUT
VETERINARY PROFESSIONALS
PET OWNERS
RESOURCES
QUIZZES
Veterinary
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All Other Pets
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All Other Pets
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Amphibians
Introduction to Amphibians
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Description and Physical Characteristics of Amphibians
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Special Considerations for Amphibians
Housing for Amphibians
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Diet for Amphibians
Disorders and Diseases of Amphibians
Diseases Caused by Bacteria
Chlamydiosis
Mycobacteriosis
Red-leg Syndrome
Diseases Caused by Fungi
Chytridiomycosis
Chromomycosis
Saprolegniasis
Diseases Caused by Parasites
Pseudocapillaroides xenopi Infection
Rhabdiasis
Diseases Caused by Viruses
Ranaviruses
Renal Adenocarcinomas (Lucké Tumors)
Metabolic Bone Disease
Thiamine Deficiency
Obesity
Trauma
For More Information
Chinchillas
Introduction to Chinchillas
Description and Physical Characteristics of Chinchillas
Special Considerations for Chinchillas
Selecting a Chinchilla
Providing a Home for a Chinchilla
Housing
Dust Baths
Diet
Exercise
Temperament
Routine Health Care for Chinchillas
Signs of Illness
Disease Treatment and Prevention
Dental Care
Breeding and Reproduction of Chinchillas
Ferrets
Introduction to Ferrets
Description and Physical Characteristics of Ferrets
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Special Considerations for Ferrets
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Providing a Home for a Ferret
Housing
Diet
Exercise
Temperament
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Routine Health Care for Ferrets
Vaccination Schedule
Dental Care
Claw Trimming
Ear Care
Hairballs
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Emergencies of Ferrets
Breeding and Reproduction of Ferrets
Infectious Diseases of Ferrets
Bacterial Diseases
Viral Diseases
Fungal Diseases
Parasites
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Cancers and Tumors of Ferrets
Mast Cell Tumor
Lymphoma
Chordomas and Chondrosarcomas
Enlarged Spleen
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Hormonal Disorders of Ferrets
Insulinomas
Adrenal Gland Disease
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Other Noninfectious Diseases of Ferrets
Foreign Objects in the Stomach
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Kidney Disease
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Fish
Introduction to Fish
Description and Physical Characteristics of Fish
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Special Considerations for Fish
Selection of Fish
Providing a Home for Fish
Set Up
Placement
Filtration, Heaters, and Lights
Gravel and Decorative Objects
Water
Beneficial Bacteria
Adding Fish
Diet
Routine Health Care of Fish
Signs of Illness
Giving Medication
Preventive Care
Quarantine
Vaccination
Emergencies of Fish
Breeding and Reproduction of Fish
Sexing Fish
Live Bearers
Egg Layers
Care for Newborns
Disorders and Diseases of Fish
Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders
Digestive Disorders
Eye Disorders
Bone and Muscle Disorders
Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders
Nutritional Disorders
Gill Disorders
Disorders Caused by Environmental Problems
Disorders Caused by Infections
Skin Disorders
Disorders Caused by Bacteria
Disorders Caused by Viruses
Disorders Caused by Protozoa
Disorders Caused by Larger Parasites
Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders
Disorders Affecting Multiple Body Systems
Disorders Caused by Bacteria
Disorders Caused by Fungi
Cancer and Tumors
Gerbils
Introduction to Gerbils
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Description and Physical Characteristics of Gerbils
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Special Considerations for Gerbils
Selecting a Gerbil
Providing a Home for a Gerbil
Housing
Diet
Exercise
Temperament
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Routine Health Care of Gerbils
Dental Care
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Breeding and Reproduction of Gerbils
Care of Newborns
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Disorders and Diseases of Gerbils
Digestive Disorders
Tyzzer Disease
Salmonellosis
Pinworms
Tapeworms
Bone and Muscle Disorders
Skin Disorders
Irritation of the Face and Nose
Hair Loss and Tail Slip
Rough Hair Coat
Mites
Tumors
Epilepsy (Seizures)
Kidney Disease
Masses in the Inner Ear
Other Illnesses
For More Information
Guinea Pigs
Introduction to Guinea Pigs
Description and Physical Characteristics of Guinea Pigs
Special Considerations for Guinea Pigs
Selecting a Guinea Pig
Providing a Home for a Guinea Pig
Housing
Diet
Exercise
Temperament
Routine Health Care of Guinea Pigs
Signs of Illness
Grooming
Breeding and Reproduction of Guinea Pigs
Care of Newborns
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Disorders and Diseases of Guinea Pigs
Antibiotics
Digestive Disorders
Diarrhea
Dental Disease
Eye and Ear Disorders
Nutritional Disorders
Vitamin C Deficiency (Scurvy)
Appetite Loss
Metabolic Disorders
Hardening of the Organs (Metastatic Calcification)
Pregnancy Toxemia (Ketosis)
Lung and Airway Disorders
Pneumonia
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Infection
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Infection
Adenovirus Infection
Reproductive Disorders
Skin Disorders
Fur Mites
Lice
Ringworm
Hair Loss (Alopecia)
Pododermatitis (Bumblefoot)
Disorders Affecting Multiple Body Systems
Enlarged Lymph Nodes (“Lumps” or Lymphadenitis)
Salmonella Infection
Yersinia Infection
Cancers and Tumors
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Hamsters
Introduction to Hamsters
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Description and Physical Characteristics of Hamsters
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Special Considerations for Hamsters
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Selecting a Hamster
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Providing a Home for a Hamster
Housing
Diet
Exercise
Temperament
For More Information
Routine Health Care of Hamsters
Importance of Veterinary Care
Signs of Illness
Giving Medication
Preventive Care
Vaccinations
Dental Care
Household Hazards
For More Information
Breeding and Reproduction of Hamsters
Disorders and Diseases of Hamsters
Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders
Digestive Disorders
Diarrhea
Constipation
Actinomycosis
Inflammation and Scarring of the Liver (Cholangiofibrosis)
Eye and Ear Disorders
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders
Nutritional Disorders
Lung and Airway Disorders
Pneumonia
Sendai Virus (Parainfluenza Virus 1) Infection
Reproductive Disorders
Skin Disorders
Skin Abscesses
Hair Loss (Alopecia)
Ringworm
Skin and Fur Mites
Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders
Diseases Affecting Multiple Body Systems
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (Arenavirus) Infection
Amyloidosis
Polycystic Disease
Pseudotuberculosis
Tularemia
Cancers and Tumors
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Mice
Introduction to Mice
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Description and Physical Characteristics of Mice
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Special Considerations for Mice
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Selecting a Mouse
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Providing a Home for Mice
Housing
Diet
Exercise
Temperament
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Routine Health Care of Mice
Dental Care
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Breeding and Reproduction of Mice
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Diseases and Disorders of Mice
Digestive Disorders
Infections Caused by Bacteria
Infections Caused by Viruses
Infections Caused by Protozoa
Pinworms
Tapeworms
Lung and Airway Disorders
Mycoplasmal Infection
Other Respiratory Infections
Skin Disorders
Staphylococcus
Infection
Scaly Skin Disease (
Corynebacterium bovis
Infection)
Ringworm
Skin and Fur Mites
Lice
Fleas
Ringtail Syndrome
Barbering (Fur Chewing)
Fight Wounds
Disorders Affecting Multiple Body Systems
Salmonellosis
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Infection
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Infection
Mousepox
Parvovirus Infection
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection
Geriatric Diseases
Cancers and Tumors
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Potbellied Pigs
Introduction to Potbellied Pigs
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Description and Physical Characteristics of Potbellied Pigs
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Special Considerations for Potbellied Pigs
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Selecting a Potbellied Pig
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Providing a Home for a Potbellied Pig
Housing
Outdoor Housing
Indoor Housing
Diet
Exercise
Temperament
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Routine Health Care of Potbellied Pigs
Importance of Veterinary Care
Preventive Care
Vaccinations
Parasite Control
Dental Care
Household Hazards
For More Information
Breeding and Reproduction of Potbellied Pigs
Females
Males
Care of Newborns
For More Information
Disorders and Diseases of Potbellied Pigs
Digestive Disorders
Gastritis and Foreign Objects in the Digestive System
Colibacillosis
Salmonella
Infections
Constipation
Rectal Prolapse
Bone and Muscle Disorders
Lameness
Fractures
Arthritis
Overgrown or Cracked Hooves
Tetanus
Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders
Bacterial Infection
Overheating
Salt Poisoning
Seizures
Lung and Airway Disorders
Atrophic Rhinitis
Pneumonia
Swine Influenza
Skin Disorders
Dry, Flaky Skin
Sarcoptic Mange
Skin Tumors
Sunburn
Erysipelas
Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders
Psychogenic Water Consumption
Chronic Kidney Failure
For More Information
Rabbits
Introduction to Rabbits
Description and Physical Characteristics of Rabbits
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Special Considerations for Rabbits
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Selecting a Rabbit
Providing a Home for a Rabbit
Housing
Litter Box Training
Diet
Exercise
Temperament
For More Information
Routine Health Care of Rabbits
Signs of Illness
Giving Medication
Dental Care
Dental Malocclusion
Dental Abscesses
Breeding and Reproduction of Rabbits
Care of Newborns
For More Information
Disorders and Diseases of Rabbits
Digestive Disorders
Hairballs and Gastrointestinal Stasis
Intestinal Diseases
Eye and Ear Disorders
Bone and Muscle Disorders
Lung and Airway Disorders
Reproductive Disorders
Ketosis (Pregnancy Toxemia)
Treponematosis (Vent Disease, Rabbit Syphilis)
Mastitis (Blue Breasts)
Skin Disorders
Hutch Burn (Urine Burn)
Wet Dewlap (Moist Dermatitis)
Sore Hocks
Ringworm
Myxomatosis
Shope Fibromas
Papillomas
Mites and Fleas
Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders
Disorders Affecting Multiple Body Systems
Abscesses
Heat Stroke
Listeriosis
Tularemia
Encephalitozoonosis
Cancers and Tumors
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Rats
Introduction to Rats
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Description and Physical Characteristics of Rats
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Special Considerations for Rats
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Selecting a Rat
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Providing a Home for a Rat
Housing
Diet
Exercise
Temperament
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Routine Health Care of Rats
Signs of Illness
Dental Care
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Breeding and Reproduction of Rats
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Disorders and Diseases of Rats
Digestive Disorders of Rats
Intestinal Parasites
Protozoa
Brain, Nerve, and Spinal Cord Disorders of Rats
Lung and Airway Disorders of Rats
Sialodacryoadenitis and Rat Coronavirus Infection
Skin Disorders of Rats
Barbering
Fight Wounds
Fleas
Lice
Mites
Ringtail Syndrome
Ringworm
Staphylococcal Infection
Kidney and Urinary Disorders of Rats
Disorders Affecting Multiple Body Systems of Rats
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection
Parvovirus Infection
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Salmonellosis
Cancers and Tumors of Rats
For More Information
Reptiles
Introduction to Reptiles
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Description and Physical Characteristics of Reptiles
Snakes
Lizards
Turtles and Tortoises
For More Information
Special Considerations for Reptiles
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Selecting a Reptile
Snakes
Lizards
Turtles and Tortoises
For More Information
Providing a Home for a Reptile
Housing
Enclosure Design
Temperature
Lighting Requirements
Water and Humidity
Sanitation
Diet
Nutrient Requirements
Temperament
For More Information
Routine Health Care of Reptiles
Importance of Veterinary Care
Chemical Restraint, Sedation, and Anesthesia
Signs of Illness
Giving Medication
Shedding (Ecdysis)
Emergencies of Reptiles
Burns
Crush Injuries
Fractures
Prey-inflicted Bites
Disorders and Diseases of Reptiles
Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders
Digestive Disorders
Adenoviruses
Infectious Stomatitis
Intestinal Parasites
Protozoal Diseases
Hormonal Disorders
Eye and Ear Disorders
Eye Abscesses and Conjunctivitis
Ear Infections
Bone and Muscle Disorders
Metabolic Bone Diseases
Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders
Nutritional Disorders
Malnutrition and Dehydration
Gout
Lung and Airway Disorders
Paramyxovirus
Reproductive Disorders
Dystocia (Egg Retention)
Vent Prolapse
Skin Disorders
Abscesses
Dermatophytosis
Dysecdysis
Skin Parasites
Scale Rot
Septicemic Cutaneous Ulcerative Disease
Crustacean Bacteremia
Disorders Affecting Multiple Body Systems
Bacterial Infections
Coccidial Organisms
Diseases Caused by Fungi
Flagellates
Herpesviruses
Inclusion Body Disease of Boid Snakes
Infectious Cloacitis
Internal Abscesses
Internal Parasites
Mycobacterial Infections
Cancers and Tumors
Retroviruses
Papillomas
For More Information
Sugar Gliders
Introduction to Sugar Gliders
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Description and Physical Characteristics of Sugar Gliders
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Special Considerations for Sugar Gliders
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Providing a Home for a Sugar Glider
Temperament
Housing
Diet
Exercise
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Routine Health Care of Sugar Gliders
Signs of Illness
Giving Medication
Preventive Care
Dental Care
Breeding and Reproduction of Sugar Gliders
Disorders and Diseases of Sugar Gliders
Aflatoxicosis
Constipation
Diarrhea and Vomiting
Eye Disorders
Leptospirosis
Lumpy Jaw (Actinomycosis)
Mineral, Vitamin, and Protein Imbalances
Mites and Fleas
Obesity
Pasteurellosis
Polioencephalomalacia
Toxoplasmosis
Tumors
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